INTERACTIVE CHEAT SHEET

Morse Alphabet

Click any letter to hear its sound

A ·−
B −···
C −·−·
D −··
E ·
F ··−·
G −−·
H ····
I ··
J ·−−−
K −·−
L ·−··
M −−
N −·
O −−−
P ·−−·
Q −−·−
R ·−·
S ···
T −
U ··−
V ···−
W ·−−
X −··−
Y −·−−
Z −−··
0 −−−−−
1 ·−−−−
2 ··−−−
3 ···−−
4 ····−
5 ·····
6 −····
7 −−···
8 −−−··
9 −−−−·

Prosigns & Abbreviations

Procedural signals used in Morse code communication — sent as single unbroken sequences

SOS ...---...
International distress signal. Sent as a single unbroken sequence, not three separate letters.
CQ -.-. --.-
General call to all stations. Used to initiate contact with any available operator.
DE -.. .
"From" — identifies the sending station. Used as: CQ CQ DE [callsign].
AR .-.-.
End of transmission. Signals that the message is complete.
SK ...-.-
End of contact (Silent Key). Signals the end of a communication session.
BT -...-
Break/pause separator between sections of a message. Equivalent to a new paragraph.
KN -.--.
Invitation to a specific station only. "Go ahead, named station only."
BK -...-.-
Break. Used to interrupt or signal a pause in transmission.
AS .-...
Wait / stand by. Asks the other station to hold briefly.
AA .-.-
All after. Request to repeat everything after a certain word.
AB .-...
All before. Request to repeat everything before a certain word.
K -.-
Invitation to transmit. "Go ahead, any station."
R .-.
Received / Roger. Confirms that the message has been received correctly.
VE ...-.
Verified / Understood. Confirms understanding of the message.
73 --... ...--
Best regards. A traditional way to say goodbye in amateur radio.
88 ---.. ---..
Love and kisses. An affectionate sign-off in amateur radio.
RST .-. ... -
Signal report: Readability (1-5), Strength (1-9), Tone (1-9).
HH ........
Error / correction. Indicates a mistake — the previous word should be disregarded.

Common Q-Codes

Essential ham radio abbreviations used worldwide

QRA What is the name of your station? / The name of my station is...
QRB How far are you from my station? / The distance is...
QRG What is my exact frequency? / Your exact frequency is...
QRH Does my frequency vary? / Your frequency varies.
QRI How is the tone of my transmission? / The tone of your transmission is...
QRK What is the readability of my signals? / Readability is... (1-5 scale).
QRL Is this frequency in use? / This frequency is in use.
QRM Is my transmission being interfered with? / Your transmission is being interfered with.
QRN Are you troubled by static noise? / I am troubled by static noise.
QRO Shall I increase transmitter power? / Increase transmitter power.
QRP Shall I decrease transmitter power? / Decrease transmitter power.
QRQ Shall I send faster? / Send faster (... words per minute).
QRS Shall I send more slowly? / Send more slowly (... words per minute).
QRT Shall I stop sending? / Stop sending. I am shutting down.
QRU Have you anything for me? / I have nothing for you.
QRV Are you ready? / I am ready.
QRX When will you call me again? / I will call you again at... hours.
QRZ Who is calling me? / You are being called by...
QSA What is the strength of my signals? / Strength is... (1-5 scale).
QSB Are my signals fading? / Your signals are fading.
QSD Is my keying defective? / Your keying is defective.
QSK Can you hear me between your signals? / I can hear you between my signals (break-in operation).
QSL Can you acknowledge receipt? / I confirm receipt.
QSN Did you hear me on... kHz? / I heard you on... kHz.
QSO Can you communicate with... direct? / I can communicate with... direct.
QSP Will you relay to...? / I will relay to...
QST General call preceding a message addressed to all amateurs.
QSX Will you listen on... kHz? / I am listening on... kHz.
QSY Shall I change to another frequency? / Change to transmission on... kHz.
QTC How many messages have you to send? / I have... messages for you.
QTH What is your location? / My location is...
QTR What is the correct time? / The correct time is... hours.
QAA Aviation: What is your ETA? / My ETA is...
QAM Aviation: What is the latest weather at...?
QBA Aviation: What is the visibility at...?
QBF Aviation: Are you flying in clouds?
QDM Aviation: What magnetic heading should I steer to reach you?
QFE Aviation: What is the atmospheric pressure at field elevation?
QNH Aviation: What is the altimeter setting for sea level?
QAP Maritime/General: Shall I listen for you? / Listen for me on... kHz.
QRR Maritime: Are you ready for automatic operation? / I am ready.
QUM Maritime: May I resume normal working? / Normal working may be resumed.

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